STUDS TERKEL
"The Ears, Eyes and Voice of America."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terkel,_Studs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiescat_in_pace
http://www.studsterkel.org/ttmyself.php
The saying…”You can tell the character of a person by the quality of the company they keep.." is well known. Perhaps, the epitome is none more telling than a list of pets, concerning the Presidents of the United States. This posting will (try to) concentrate on the two (2) current possible, publicly stated choices (1/11/09) of the Obama Family). The Labradoodle and the Portuguese Water Dog (PWD).
I hope to reveal some interesting and curious aspects of these two breeds, or more specifically
1 PUREBRED - PWD
1 HYBRID - Labradoodle = Poodle + Labrador retriever
(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hybrid).
From the outset of this discussion, it is imperative, we must keep in mind that dog breeding, and even more so, horse breeding has been used as a vehicle for the advancement of the Eugenics Movement.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi
Seen in the movie The Queen – Helen Mirren see SUN EMPEROR post
Originally bred for herding sheep and cattle, they have proven themselves as excellent companion animals and are also competitive in sheepdog trials and dog agility.
Cardigan Welsh Corgis were bred long and low to make sure that any kicks by cattle would travel safely over the dogs without touching them.
Cardigans are said to originate from the Teckel family of dogs, which also produced Dachshunds.[2] They are among the oldest of all herding breeds, believed to have been in existence in Wales for over 3,000 years. Although originally the breed included only brindle and red variants, through crossbreeding with collies, the colors of the Cardi grew to include tricolor and blue merle. The phrase "cor gi" is sometimes translated as "dwarf dog" in Welsh. The breed was often called "yard-long dogs" in older times. Today's name comes from their area of origin, Cardiganshire, Wales.
Also common is a "fairy saddle" marking over the dog's withers, caused by changes in the thickness, length and direction of hair growth. The phrase supposedly comes from mythology, with the dogs being used as steeds or carthorses for fairies, but it is possible the legend is a modern explanation that came after the term.
Corgis are at risk of developing a disease called degenerative myelopathy or DM.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_boy_and_his_dog
Among these survivors, it has become a rule of dog eat dog. The main character, Vic (portrayed by a 25-year-old Don Johnson in the film), is an 18-year-old boy, born in the ruins of Pheonix, Arizona, in the year 2006. In both the novel and the film, Vic is focused on stealing food and fulfilling his sexual needs. Vic is fairly base, having lost both of his parents in the nuclear war, and having had no formal education. Niether does he understand the principles of ethics or morality. Satisfying his carnal desires remain Vic's main motivation throughout the story. He is accompanied by a well-read and wise-cracking telepathic dog named Blood (portrayed by Tiger in the film), an "experienced female provider", using his advanced senses of smell and hearing. In the film, Blood is voiced by veteran Tim McIntire. Blood's main motivation is food, most notably his favourite, popcorn, which Vic is able to provide by theft or by purchasing it from the various vendors in the wastelands.
Vic looks up to Blood as a teacher and a father figure,
Blood is the result of genetic experimentation, which resulted in an intelligent canine mutation with telepathic abilities. However, the only human Blood can communicate with is Vic, whom Blood refers to as "Albert" as a "term of endearment." In the later graphic novel Vic and Blood, Blood explains: "I get such a kick out of calling him Albert - after Albert Payson Terhune, who wrote all those stupid dog books in which we noble creatures were pets, always being saved by some sappy human - it is my best gambit to make him scream." It is also stated in the novel that Albert is Vic's real name, but Vic doesn't like the name Albert.
The film is often cited as an inspiration for George Miller's Mad Max, which of course went on to influence a whole genre of movies. The two movies have a very similar style, although Miller said he had not seen Jones' film until after he had completed his own.
There is a clear referrence to A Boy and His Dog in each of the three video games of Fallout (series), in which the player character wanders a post-nuclear wasteland with an option of having a canine companion called "Dogmeat". "Dogmeat" is what Vic calls Blood at certain points of A Boy and His Dog when they are argueing.
FALL OUT – The Prisoner
FALL OUT BOY the band
A Boy and His Dog had been referrenced in The Simpsons, The Cosby Show (series three, espisode 10), South Park (series 7, episode eleven.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Q._Jones
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlan_Ellison
Ellison also sold scripts to many television shows: The Flying Nun, Burke's Law, Route 66, The Outer Limits, Star Trek, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and Cimarron Strip. His Memos from Purgatory was adapted into an episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Ellison's scripts "Demon with a Glass Hand" (for The Outer Limits) and "The City on the Edge of Forever" (for Star Trek) won Best Original Teleplay awards from the Writers Guild of America; each is often cited as one of the best of its series.
During the late 1960s, Ellison wrote a column about television for the Los Angeles Free Press. Titled "The Glass Teat", the column addressed political and social issues and their portrayal on television at the time. The columns have been reprinted in two collections, The Glass Teat and The Other Glass Teat.
After James Cameron stated in an interview [6] about his movie The Terminator that he had been inspired by two episodes ("Soldier" [7] and "Demon with a Glass Hand") [8] of the 1960s Television series The Outer Limits — both written by Ellison — Ellison sued Cameron. Ellison settled out of court and the film's end credits now include the simple statement: "Acknowledgment to the works of Harlan Ellison."
He also teamed up w/ someone to write THE DAY AFTER TOMMORROW that has been on the TV (Tele VISION of SION) lately.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beast_that_Shouted_Love_at_the_Heart_of_the_World
· "Introduction: The Waves in Rio"
· "The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World"
· "Along the Scenic Route"
· "Phoenix"
· "Asleep: With Still Hands"
· "Santa Claus vs. S.P.I.D.E.R."
· "Try a Dull Knife"
· "The Pitll Pawob Division"
· "The Place With No Name"
· "White on White"
· "Run for the Stars"
· "Are You Listening?"
· "S.R.O."
· "Worlds to Kill"
· "Shattered Like a Glass Goblin"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brotherhood_of_Satan
1. HYBRID
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale lists the country of origin as France, but some experts believe poodles may have originated in Russia or Iberia; Germany is also frequently cited, including by the American Kennel Club, since the breed's English name has German origins[2]. (The name poodle comes from the German word pudel, short for pudelhund or "splashing dog", reflecting the breed's development from a water dog; the word pudel is related to the English word puddle.) However, most sources concur that the French are responsible for developing the modern breed into its current form, and developing the different sizes. The French name for the poodle is caniche, referring to ducks and the poodles' water dog origins.
In American Kennel Club shows, adults must be shown in the "Continental" or "English saddle" clips.
Addison's Disease
Addison's disease is (as of August 20, 2007) the illness most commonly reported to the Poodle Health Registry. The number of reported cases of Addison's disease is nearly twice as high as the next most common problem (GDV). Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient production of glucocorticoid and/or mineralocortoid in the adrenal cortex. Addison's is often undiagnosed because early symptoms are vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. Standard poodles with unexplained lethargy, frequent gastric disturbances, or an inability to tolerate stress should be tested for Addison's. Addison's can cause fatal sodium/potassium imbalances, but, if caught early and treated with lifelong medication, most dogs can live a relatively normal life.
United States President John F. Kennedy was one of the best-known Addison's disease sufferers. He was possibly one of the first Addisonians to survive major surgery.[9] There was substantial secrecy surrounding his health during his years as president, and the 25th amendment to the U.S. constitution was introduced at least in part as a result of this secrecy.[10]
Osama bin-Laden may be an Addisonian. Lawrence Wright noted that bin-Laden manifests all the key symptoms, such as "low blood pressure, weight loss, muscle fatigue, stomach irritability, sharp back pains, dehydration, and an abnormal craving for salt". Bin-Laden is known to have consumed large amounts of the drug Sulbutiamine to treat his symptoms.[16]
Famous Poodles
Aero, Mao Asada's pet.
Algonquin from Elvira, Mistress of the Dark.
Atma and Butz, Schopenhauer's pets.
Basket, Basket II, and Basket III, successive pets of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas.
Bela, "Weird Al" Yankovic's poodle who sat on his head for the Cover of his 2003 album Poodle Hat.
Boy, pet of Prince Rupert of the Rhine (1619-1682) and killed at the Battle of Marston Moor.[22]
Cleo, from Clifford the Big Red Dog.
Derek, pet of Patrick Swayze [23][24]
Diswilliam and others, pets of Mary Tyler Moore [23][24]
Dusty Springfield, Joss Stone's pet.
Fluffles from A Matter of Loaf and Death
Georgette from Disney's "Oliver and Company."
Gigi and Cash, pets of Christian Serratos.
Jane Seymour third wife of Henry VIII had a pet white poodle, which even appears in the official portrait of Henry, Jane and his parents, the previous King and Queen. She is said to have spent most of her time walking the poodle in the palace gardens or doing needlework.
Josephine, prized pet of author Jacqueline Susann; subject of her first book, 1963's Every Night, Josephine!.
Mephistopheles, incarnated in a poodle as described by Goethe in Faust.
Roly, a poodle who was featured in the BBC's EastEnders for eight years.
Rufus, pet of Winston Churchill [25]
Teddy, famous dog of radio talk show host Michael Savage (commentator)Pictures of Teddy.
Wellington, famous macguffin from The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, by Mark Haddon.
Yankee Poodle from Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew.
PLUS (+)
The Labrador Retriever (also Labrador, Labby or Lab for short), is one of several kinds of retriever, a type of gun dog. The Labrador is considered[citation needed] the most popular breed of dog (by registered ownership) in the world, and is by a large margin the most popular breed by registration in the United States (since 1991),[1] the United Kingdom,[2] Poland,[citation needed] and several other countries.[3][not in citation given] It is also the most popular breed of assistance dog in the United States, Australia, and many other countries, as well as being widely used by police and other official bodies for their detection and working abilities.[4] They are exceptionally affable, gentle, intelligent, energetic and good natured,[3][4] and Labradors are generally considered good companions for people of all ages (including a high level of patience and tolerance for children,[5][6] making them both excellent companions and working dogs. Although somewhat boisterous if untrained, Labrador Retrievers respond well to praise and positive attention, and are considerably "food and fun" oriented.[citation needed] These dogs are loyal and good with little children. With training, the Labrador is one of the most dependable, obedient and multi-talented breeds in the world.[3][4][7]
The early Labrador originated on the island of Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.[57] The breed emerged over time from the St. John's Water Dog, also an ancestor of the Newfoundland dog (to which the Labrador is closely related), through ad-hoc breedings by early settlers in the mid to late 15th century.[57] The original forebears of the St. John's dog have variously been suggested to be crossbreeds of the black St. Hubert's hound from France, working water dogs from Portugal, old European pointer breeds and dogs belonging to the indigenous peoples of the area.[57] From the St. John's Dog, two breeds emerged; the larger was used for hauling, and evolved into the large and gentle Newfoundland dog, likely as a result of breeding with mastiffs brought to the island by the generations of Portuguese fishermen who had been fishing offshore since the 1400s. The smaller short-coat retrievers used for retrieval and pulling in nets from the water were the forebears of the Labrador Retriever. The white chest, feet, chin, and muzzle characteristic of the St. John's Dog often appears in Lab mixes, and will occasionally manifest in Labs as a small white spot on the chest or stray white hairs on the feet or muzzle.
The St. John's area of Newfoundland was settled mainly by the English and Irish. Local fishermen originally used the St. John's dog to assist in bringing nets to shore; the dog would grab the floating corks on the ends of the nets and pull them to shore. A number of these were brought back to the Poole area of England in the early 1800s,[57] then the hub of the Newfoundland fishing trade, by the gentry, and became prized as sporting and waterfowl hunting dogs.[57] A few kennels breeding these grew up in England; at the same time a combination of sheep protection policy (Newfoundland) and rabies quarantine (England) led to their gradual demise in their country of origin.[58]
The first and second Earls of Malmesbury, who bred for duck shooting on his estate,[59] and the 5th and 6th Dukes of Buccleuch, and youngest son Lord George William Montagu-Douglas-Scott,[59] were instrumental in establishing the Labrador breed in nineteenth century England. The dogs - Avon ("Buccleuch Avon") and Ned given by Malmesbury to assist the Duke of Buccleuch's breeding program in the 1880s are usually considered the ancestors of all modern Labradors.[9]
There is some confusion in the naming of the early breed; the Labrador Retriever was originally called the St. John's dog (from which it emerged), or lesser Newfoundland, but these were also considered distinct breeds by other sources. Other origins suggested for the name include the Spanish or Portuguese word for rural/agricultural workers, Portuguese "lavradores" or Spanish "labradores," and the village of Castro Laboreiro in Portugal whose herding and guard dogs bear a "striking resemblance" to Labradors.[57] Still others say it was named after the territory of Labrador in Canada in error, or since the name "Newfoundland" was already taken by the larger breed.[citation needed]
Endal, a service dog in England. Among other distinctions, "the most decorated dog in the world" (including "Dog of the Millennium"[67] and the PDSA’s Gold Medal for Animal Gallantry and Devotion to Duty),[68] the first dog to ride on the London Eye and the first dog known to work a 'chip and pin' ATM card. As of 2007 some three hundred camera crews from several countries have interviewed Endal and his owner/handler Allen Parton, and a film of a year in his life is in production.[69][70]
ENDAL - Close relation to the Hungarian variant (antal) Anthony - In English it has been commonly (but incorrectly) associated with Greek ανθος (anthos) "flower", which resulted in the addition of the h in the 17th century.
Jake, a black Labrador who became a national canine hero after burrowing through white, hot, smoking debris in search of survivors in the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks. Also helped search for Hurricane Katrina victims in 2005.
Former President of the United States Bill Clinton's Labradors Buddy and Seamus.
Former Russian President, and current Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's Labrador 'Koni'. John Reed (American Journalist and Communist Revolutionary), kept a Labrador when he lived in Cape Cod (USA) from 1916-1917. The dog was portrayed (wrongly) as a Golden Retriever in the film about Reed's life - Reds (film)
Labradors have featured variously as pets and significant characters in sitcoms and other TV shows, as well as other portrayals in the media. Bouncer in Neighbours, and Luath in The Incredible Journey, are two TV examples.
Marley is an American Labrador portrayed in Marley & Me, a book by John Grogan in which Grogan recounts his life and times with Marley.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrador
Labrador is a region of Atlantic Canada. Together with the island of Newfoundland from which it is separated by the Strait of Belle Isle, it constitutes the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The region is part of the much larger Labrador Peninsula on the Canadian mainland. The area was known by the Norse as Markland.
11th century : Probable visit by Leif Ericson.
It is named after Portuguese explorer João Fernandes Lavrador who, together with Pêro de Barcelos, were the second party of European explorers (after the Vikings) to sight it in 1498.
LABRADOODLE…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abracadabra
ABRACADABRA Incantation
The term originated from the Aramaic. The original Aramaic phrase was used with a Hebrew prefix Alef rather than the latter version with an Ayin. The difference was that the original meaning was "I will create, as I say," while the latter was "What was said has been done." The original Aramaic was either עַבְדָא כְּדַברָא, avda kedavra, which means, "what was said has been done," or עברא כדברא, avra kedavra, which means "what was said has come to pass." Over time, it was corrupted to its current pronunciation with the replacement of both "v" sounds with "b" sounds (b and v can be interchangable in Aramaic).
A - B - R - A - C - A - D - A - B - R - A
http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/a/abraxas.html
Abraxas
A term used by the Basilideans, a Gnostic sect of the second century, designating the Supreme Being or god whom they worshipped. They believed that Jesus Christ emanated from Abraxas and was a phantom while here on earth. They believed the name contained great mysteries because it contained the seven Greek letters when computed numerically equaled the number 365, which is the number of days in the year. It was further believed that Abraxas commanded 365 gods, each possessing a virtue, so there was a virtue for each day of the year.
However, older mythologists place Abraxas among the Egyptian gods, while some demonologists cite him to be a demon with the head of a king and serpents forming his feet. He has been represented on amulets with a whip in his hand. The mystic word abracadabra was derived from his name. Many stones and gems were cut with his capricious symbolic markings, such as a human body having a fowl's or lion's heads, and snakes as limbs, which were worn by the Basilideans as amulets. Also, a favorite amulet bore the number 365.
A limited number of Mutigenerational and Australian Labradoodles have also been found to suffer from Addison's Disease [15].
Monopoly board game included a Labradoodle icon in its "Here and Now" [17] and Australian [18] editions.
New York department store Lord and Taylor raised $50,000 in 2004 and $55,000 in 2005 for Guiding Eyes for the Blind selling Labradoodle plush toys.[19]
Macy's department store raised funds with plush Labradoodles "Grace" and "Courage" for Breast Cancer Awareness in 2006.[20][21].
An animated soft toy Labradoodle, "Lucky the Incredible Wonder Pup", was a FamilyFun Magazine 2006 "Toy of the Year" award and an Oppenheim Platinum Toy Award winner.[22]
In the 70th episode of Scrubs, "My Office," Dr. Cox tells JD and Elliot that together they "make one barely-passable doctor-slash-Labradoodle."[23][24]
US Democrat candidates Barack Obama[25] and Hillary Clinton[26] were both compared to Labradoodles during the 2008 election campaign.
In the 23rd episode of The Big Bang Theory, "Cooper-Nowitzki Theorem," Sheldon Cooper said that giving a talk to a bunch of graduate students is like explaining the law of thermodynamics to a bunch of labradoodles.
In the movie "Marley & Me" [27], John Grogan (Owen Wilson) is advised to buy a Labradoodle by his friend Sebastian (Eric Dane), but chooses a Labrador instead.
US President-Elect Barack Obama announced on a January 11th, 2009 interview with George Stephanopoulos [28]
FAMOUS LABRADOODLES:
Golfer Tiger Woods has two Labradoodles named Yogi[36] and Riley.
Actress Jennifer Aniston also owns a Labradoodle, bought
for her by former husband, Brad Pitt.[38]
Vice President Elect Joe Biden owns a Labradoodle named Brother. –he also recently bought a German Shepard.
Senator Ted Kennedy has Three(3) Potuguese Water Dogs.
WATER DOG FOR AGE OF AQUARIUS
Some belief exists that the breed traces as far back as 700 B.C. to the wild Central-Asian steppes, near the Chinese-Russian border, terrains and waters guaranteed to nourish ruggedness.
One theory of these long-perished times is that some of the rugged Asian herding dogs were captured by the Berbers, a people who spread slowly across the face of North Africa to Morocco. Their descendants, the Moors, arrived in Portugal in the 8th century, bringing the water dogs with them.
Another theory purports that some of the dogs left the Asian steppes with the Goths, a confederation of German tribes. Some, (the Ostrogoths), went west and their dogs became the German poodle, called in German the poodle-hund or puddle-dog, that is, water-dog. Others, (the Visigoths), went south to fight the Romans, and their dogs became the Lion Dog, groomed in the traditional lion cut. In A.D. 400, the Visigoths invaded Spain and Portugal (then known only as Iberia) and the dogs found their homeland.
The possibility also exists that some of the long-coated water dogs grew up with the ancient Iberians. In early times, Celtiberians migrated from lands which now belong to southwestern Germany. Swarming over the Pyrenees, circulating over the whole of western Europe, they established bases in Iberia, as well as in Ireland, Wales, and Brittany. The Irish Water Spaniel and Kerry Blue Terrier are believed by some to be descendants of the Portuguese Water Dog.
The possibility also exists that some of the long-coated water dogs grew up with the ancient Iberians. In early times, Celtiberians migrated from lands which now belong to southwestern Germany. Swarming over the Pyrenees, circulating over the whole of western Europe, they established bases in Iberia, as well as in Ireland, Wales, and Brittany. Portuguese Water Dogs once existed all along Portugal's coast, where they were taught to herd fish into fishermen's nets, to retrieve lost tackle or broken nets, and to act as couriers from ship to ship, or ship to shore.
The PWD was a breed on the verge of extinction when, during the 1930s, Dr. Vasco Bensaúde, a wealthy Portuguese shipping magnate, began to seek out fishermen's dogs and utilize them in a breeding program to re-establish the breed. Bensaúde's kennel was named Algarbiorum, and his most famous dog was Leão (1931-1942), a very "type-y" fisherman's stud dog who was bred to so many different bitches that about half of the pedigreed Portuguese Water Dogs in existence can trace their lineage back to him.
The black portions of Portuguese Water Dogs have a bluish tinge to their skin that may be hard to notice underneath their black hair.
Depending on their genetic heritage, many brown PWDS, as well as a few lineages of black ones, gradually turn gray over their entire bodies as they age, with the possible exception of their ears and paws. Once begun, this color change, which is sometimes called "blueing", continues throughout the dog's life; it is caused by the growth of white hairs among the colored ones, much like the greying of a human being's head or beard hair.
Grooming styles
The hair of PWDs grows continually and requires regular brushing and cutting or clipping. The coat is usually worn in a "retriever cut" or a "lion cut".[4]
In the lion cut, the hindquarters, muzzle, and the base of the tail are shaved and the rest of the body is left full length. This cut originated with the fishing dogs of Portugal. This is the traditional cut and perhaps the most functional, given the breed's main historical significance as a fisherman's companion. The lion cut diminished the initial impact and shock of cold water when the breed jumped from the boats, as well as providing warmth to the vitals. The hindquarters were left shaved to allow easier movement of the back legs and the breed's powerful, rudder-like tail.
The Retriever cut
The retriever cut is left 1" (2.5 cm) long evenly over the body (although some owners prefer the muzzle or the base of the tail shorter). This cut is a more recent style and originated because breeders wanted to make the breed more appealing and less unusual looking for buyers.
Sometimes owners will clip the hair of their dogs very short, especially in the summer months, in modified retriever cut.
Algarbiorum
http://www.treasurerealm.com/coinpapers/Portugal/Kingdom/5-Reis.html
Copper 5 Reis (1737-1746)
IOANNES V DEI GRATIA
Value V within wreath, date below
PORTUGALIAE ET ALGARBIORUM REX V date
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarve
The Algarve (pron. IPA: [aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ)]) is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal.
In the 5th century the Visigoths took control of the Algarve until the beginning of the Moorish invasion in 711. When the Moors conquered Lagos in 716 it was called Zawaia. Faro, which the Christian residents had called Santa Maria, was renamed Faraon, which means "the settlement of the Knights." For several years, the town of Silves was the capital of the region under Moorish rule.
Due to the Moorish occupation of Iberia, the region was called "Al-Gharb Al-Andalus". Al-Gharb means "the west"; Al-Andalus is the Arabic name of muslim iberia.
ANABIS/ANABUS ??? !!!
The region of Silves has been inhabited since the Palaeolithic, as attested by archaeological vestiges, including several menhirs.
Again under Muslim rule, the city was then prosper to the point of being called the Baghdad of the West.
The town was finally taken from the last Muslim king Ibn Afan by Paio Peres Correia, Grand-Master of the order of Santiago in 1242, after the Alentejo and most of the coast had already fallen in 1238. The great mosque was changed into Silves Cathedral (Sé Catedral). In 1491 the town was given to queen Leonora by King João.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Santiago
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Santiago_de_la_Espada
Emblem of the Order of Santiago
The Order of Santiago or the Order of Saint James of Compostela was founded in the 12th century, and owes its name to the national patron of Spain, St. James the Greater,
Saint James, son of Zebedee (d. 44) or Yaakov Ben-Zebdi/Bar-Zebdi, was one of the disciples of Jesus. He was a son of Zebedee and Salome, and brother of John the Apostle. He is called Saint James the Greater to distinguish him from James, son of Alphaeus, who is also known as James the Less. James is described as one of the first disciples to join Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels state that James and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to follow him.[1][2] According to the Gospel of Mark, James and John were called Boanerges, or the "Sons of Thunder".[3] James was one of only three apostles whom Jesus selected to bear witness to his Transfiguration.[4] Acts of the Apostles records that Agrippa I had James executed by sword,[5] making him the first of the apostles to be martyred.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Portugal
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs dating from the independence of Portugal from the kingdom of León in 1128 under Afonso Henriques, who proclaimed himself King in 1139, to the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on October 5, 1910, during the reign of Manuel II, "the Patriot," or "the Missed King." Afonso I was recognized as king, in 1143, by Alfonso VII of León and Castile and, in 1179, by the Pope Alexander III.
It includes the Portuguese rulers from the
Portuguese House of Burgundy, or Afonsine Dynasty (1143–1383/1385)
House of Aviz, or Joannine Dynasty (1385–ca. 1580)
Portuguese House of Habsburg, or Philippine Dynasty (1580–1640)
House of Braganza, (1640–1834) and
House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, or Braganza-Wettin (1834–1910)
The feast day of St James is celebrated on July 25 on the liturgical calendars of the Roman Catholic, Anglican and certain Protestant churches. He is commemorated on April 30 in the Orthodox Christian liturgical calendar (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, April 30 currently falls on May 13 of the modern Gregorian Calendar).
- 306 - Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. - see SUN EMPEROR
1917 - Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
1920 - Telecommunications: the first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast takes place.
1925 - Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
1978 - Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby" is born.
1984 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
1993 - Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call Seven-Day War.
1997 - K.R. Narayanan is sworn-in as India's 10th president and the first Dalit— formerly called "untouchable"— to hold this office.
born on this date
1935 - Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi arms merchant - http://www.madcowprod.com/
1946 - Rita Marley, Jamaican-Cuban singer (I Threes - see ROBERT GRAVES)
DEATHS:
306 - Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (b. 250) – CONSTANTINE’S FATHER
1409 - King Martin I of Sicily
1471 - Thomas à Kempis, German priest and mystic (b. 1380)
1492 - Pope Innocent VIII (b. 1432)
1616 - Andreas Libavius, German physician and chemist (b. 1550)
1681 - Urian Oakes, English-born President of Harvard University (b. 1631)
1790 - William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet (b. 1772)
1934 - Engelbert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
1982 - Hal Foster, Canadian-American cartoonist (Prince Valiant) (b. 1892)
2002 - Abdur Rahman Badawi, Egyptian existentialist philosopher (b. 1917)
2008 - Randy Pausch, American professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, known for his "Last Lecture" (b. 1960)
Holidays and observances
Inca festival in honor of the thunder god Ilyap'a
Roman festivals - Furinalia
Galicia (Spain) - National Day (Día da Pátria Galega).
Puerto Rico - Constitution Day (1952). Formerly Occupation Day (1898).
Ebernoe Horn Fair in Sussex, southern England
Roman Catholicism
Saint Christopher, martyr [in the fifteenth century often moved, usually to July 27; Paris, Bruges, in red]
Saint Cucufas/Cougat, martyr [England, Orden; Paris]
Saint James the Great, Apostle, died 44 AD, patron saint of Spain [common]
Translation of Saint Julian of Le Mans, bishop of Le Mans, confessor (sometimes martyr) [Le Mans, Paris]
Dormition of Saint Ann, Mother of the Virgin Mary (Byzantine rite)
Checkout this too: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Legion-Hare
Read some thing about the 77th ROMAN LEGION conquering this area of Europe, but I can’t find it now..
The legions of the Late Republic and Early Empire are often called Marian legions.
Aquilifer:
A single position within the legion. The aquilifer was the legion's Standard or Aquila (eagle) bearer and was an enormously important and prestigious position.
Signifer:
Each century had a signifer (59). He was responsible for the men's pay and savings, and the standard bearer for the centurial signum, a spear shaft decorated with medallions and often topped with an open hand to signify the oath of loyalty taken by the soldiers. It was this banner that the men from each individual century would rally around.
Cornicen (Horn blower): Worked hand in hand with the signifer drawing the attention of the men to the centurial signum and issuing the audible commands of the officers. The cornicines were also used as assistants to a centurion (like an optio).
Imaginifer: Carried the standard bearing the image of the Emperor as a constant reminder of the troops' loyalty to him.
Tesserarius keepers of the SECRET WATCHWORDS
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